Satire in Swift`S a Model Proposal Essay Example

Satire in Swift`S a Model Proposal Essay Jonathan Swift is an Irish writer from the 18th century and was known as a satirist, essayist and a political pamphleteer. He is the author of Guiltier s Travels, A Journal to Stella, Drapers Letters, The Battle of the Books, An Argument Against Abolishing Christianity, A Tale of a Tub and A Modest Proposal. His last work, A Modest Proposal is an occasional essay in which he gives a response to an economical problem which shatters and weakens Ireland at that time, but his response is satiric and he gives rational solutions. According to the Classic Encyclopedia, based on the 1 lath Edition of the Encyclopedia Britannic, Jonathan Swift Is a satirist struggling with a most uncongenial form of expression. HIS text Is based on solid argumentation, although Irrational and unpractical, and also well structured. He begins by Glenn a description of the city of Dublin which Is In a poor state crowded with beggars of the female sex, followed by three, four, or six children, all in rags and importuning every passenger for an alms. Only in his fourth paragraph he states his idea, his great Lana, and he does it by telling the reader that he had heavily reflected on it, his words being having turned my thoughts for many years upon this important subject, and maturely weighed the several schemes of other projectors. He ultimately suggests that Irelands greatest problem concerns him very much, and so he is obliged to come up with a solution for the love of his country. We will write a custom essay sample on Satire in Swift`S a Model Proposal specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Satire in Swift`S a Model Proposal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Satire in Swift`S a Model Proposal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He implies that he had thought of many schemes but only one he thought to be of any help. His humbly position Is in contrasts with the end of his essay which can be Interpreted as his untouchable position, his plan cannot hurt him. Only after explaining to the reader the advantage of his scheme he tells them what It Implies, and that Is eating them while young and tender. This idea, eating young children, is given to him by an American, a very knowing American ,as he refers to him and it bears several connotations. From one point of view, a possible cause of including the Americans would be their perception that Irish, or other nation in general, is inferior to them, like savages, and Swift mocks them, and by using satire he shows them that Irish are capable of eating their children. From another point of view, Swift might show the reader that the Americans re the savage ones, due to the fact that he got the hint from one, he might imply that Americans are able to eat their children. Swift gives In the Preface to The Battle of the Books, 1704 the following definition of satire Satire Is a sort of glass, wherein beholders do generally discover everybodys face but their own, which Is the chief reason for that kind of reception it meets In the world, and that so very few are offended with It. and as a support of his theory he ends halls essay In an unexpected way. He says I have not the least personal interest in endeavoring to promote this accessory work, navels no toner motive tan ten puddle good AT my country, DAY advancing our trade, providing for infants, relieving the poor, and giving some pleasure to the rich. I have no children by which I can propose to get a single penny; the youngest being nine years old, and my wife past child-bearing. which can either mean that he bears in mind only the welfare of his country or that he cannot be touched by it, as I previously mentioned, his child being too old to be eaten or sold and his wife past childbearing. As The new Princeton encyclopedia of poetry and attics say Despite the aesthetic and often comic or witty pleasure associated with much satire , their authors incline toward self- promotion as Judges of morals and manners, of behavior and thought. a writer may use irony to Judge to set some moral guidelines. Swift uses irony to mock some of Irish habits and some common belief which were very popular at that time, a person who has authority over every one who lives in his territory. He speaks about landlords, he says that Androids, who as they have already devoured most of the parents, seem to have the best title to the children to help him sustain his theory. He mocks that the landlord is the highest authority and everyone must obey him. If the landlord would approve his theory, that would mean that all of the children from under his territory would be sold to him, whether the parents approve of it or not. Another element which belongs to the sphere of satire is the relationship be tween the title and the content of the text. Ata first reading of the title, A Modest Proposal which has a small introduction, by which the author explains the reason of his pamphlet, For Preventing the Children of Poor People in Ireland from Being a Burden to Their Parents or Country, and for Making Them Beneficial to the Public Swift may lead the reader into thinking that his proposal is fairly practical and useful; a reader may have expected an economical plan with may numbers and logical facts. Its ironic, but in a way, he did offer the reader numbers The number of souls in this kingdom being usually reckoned one million and a half, of these I calculate there may be about two hundred thousand couple whose wives are breeders; from which number I subtract thirty thousand couples who are able to maintain their own children, although I apprehend there cannot be so many, under the present distresses of the kingdom; but this being ranted, there will remain an hundred and seventy thousand breeders. I again subtract fifty thousand for those women who miscarry, or whose children die by accident or disease within the year. There only remains one hundred and twenty thousand children of poor parents annually born. and this gives the text authenticity, but his ideas are, nevertheless, immoral and unpractical. The reason of writing such a modest proposal is given by Carol Fabricate As a parody of the many fatuous proposals for dealing with the problem put forward by writers who had little understanding of the situation. According to what Fabricate says, there were created may systems to try and help Ireland overcome the economical problems, but all were proved to be useless. Swift mocks those who do not know how to write, and for that, he built with good and viable arguments an idea which is immoral, to show them that any idea can be proven, but that does not necessarily make it a good one. Carol Fabricate highlights that A Modest Proposal is an occasional essay and must be understood as a response to an economical problem. Its purpose is to mock the Irishmen, those who continue to write but do not understand what they are writing.

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buy custom Inflation in Venezuela essay The Causes, Consequences and Management Strategies Venezuela, a tropical country in the Latin America, has recorded high inflation rates since the 1950s. The inflation rates have been at the peak with the highest record being 99.9% reported in 1999 (Muoz, 2007). However, the country is rich in terms of the natural resources and talented citizens. The inflation is, therefore, a problem by the countrys and international definition. Causes of the High Inflation Rates The high inflation rates in Venezuela are caused by various factors such as hoarding, high community spending, calamities, increased money supply and speculations that the prices of goods and services may rise with time. These factors will be discussed in details in the next paragraphs. Calamities have built a home in Venezuela. This considering the fact that the country is facing serious problems year in year out. An instance of this is the climate, which is unreliable. The climate change has lead into the countrys unstable planning, thereby greatly affecting the economy. The World Bank report shows that country was hit by a catastrophe in 1989 (Dure, 1991). In December 1999 other calamities reported, floods and landslides, which led to the death of many citizens and ruined the economy. The floods are historical and have been observed even in the previous years. Moreover, the country is never an exception to industrial unrest, hailstorms and earthquakes among other calamities. These have led into the reduction of the supply of goods and services, while the available ones are offered at high prices. This is a potential cause of inflation. The other cause of high inflation rates in Venezuela is the increased supply of money. The politicians print a lot of money during the campaigns and give them to the citizens in exchange for their votes. This money supply is not matched by an equivalent increase in the production of goods and services. The people, thus, have a lot of money to spend than the available goods and services. This has rendered the currency useless and led to high prices of goods and services. The increased money supply has also led to an increased total community spending. This has consequently led to the increase in the total demand for goods and services, which are scarce. The producers thus, take the advantage of the demand to fix high prices for their goods and services. Some business persons in Venezuela practice hoarding. They cause the shortage of goods and services with an intention to gain, when the prices are high. Through this practice, the prices increase drastically, thereby leading to inflation. This has been noted more, especially for the milk products, sugar and other agricultural products. Consequences of Inflation in Venezuela The inflation rate in Venezuela has led to the investors (both local and international) running away from the countrys economy. They claim that its a risk to invest in the country. The countrys economy has never been stable for a long period of time and for this reason, it has found itself on the list of World Bank and International borrowers and calls for the aid programs. The high inflation rates have also affected the employment in the country. Many skilled workers are raised only to find it hard to get an employment opportunity. Some have, therefore, turned out to be self-employed but still fighting the consequences of unstable economy. The food prices are too high for the citizens to afford. This has led to the depriving of the most basic needs. Many people are forced to adopt new lifestyles. Most banks and other lending institutions have sorted to work on non-fixed lending rates. However, the inflation rates are unreliable; hence, the institutions lose in the long run. The amount lent, in a years time could be useless, considering that the interest rates are maintained. Borrowers, however, find it advantageous to borrow over a long period of time. They can borrow much and they pay little as compared to that they could pay if there was no inflation. The other positive consequence of inflation in Venezuela is the stimulated production. The high prices, set by the market, motivate people to produce more goods and services that do them good in the market. Inflation Management Strategies To manage the inflation in Venezuela, there are various factors that need to be taken into deep considerations. The first question concerns the causes. What are the causes of the inflation in the country? Knowing the source of the problem is an important factor in finding the soluutions to the problem. So, in solving the calamities problem, it will be most appropriate to find a solution to the calamities (both natural and human caused calamities). After analyzing and realizing that the catastrophes are recurrent after a given period, the government officials should work on forecasting and informing the citizens of the forthcoming misfortune. This can help in avoiding earthquake attack effects. Calamities that can be controlled should be eliminated from the history through control measures (for instance, floods can be controlled and brought to an end by the construction of dams, reservoirs, levees and diverting the flood source). The water can be as well used to provide energy and food, thereby increasing the productivity. The government of Venezuela should work on training the citizens and investors to take an advantage of the natural resources to improve the living standards. This can be conducted through workshops and seminars. It should reduce the revenue spent to develop the infrastructure and work on generating more income. Its through these developments that the government is borrowing a lot from the international bank. The other strategy is to tighten the lending and come up against those politicians who are after printing money for their own good. Once these controls and others are in place, the excessive money supply will no longer be a problem (Chhibber, 1989). Another strategy is to take legal measures against those, who practices hoarding. The government should implement strict policies that ensure that the situation is curbed. The last move is price control, which the government is already at. The government should improve on the policies and make price control an option, while ensuring that production is taken into deeper considerations (Muoz, 2007). The other solution to the inflation is to encourage the citizens to save their incomes. Through this, there will be less money supply in the economy, thus, stabilizing the circular flow of income and consequently solving the inflation problem. Conclusion The inflation in Venezuela is one of the worst recoded. Measures need to be taken to curb the situation. The natural and human influences of the inflation need to be taken into deeper consideration so as to salvage the countrys economy. Buy custom Inflation in Venezuela essay

Art History 406 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Art History 406 - Term Paper Example American art of this time depicted nothing more from its paintings but of merchants and planters in a style rooted in European traditions. From the ashes of the war rose two great American painters. Benjamin West was born on October 10, 1738 of Quaker parents in Springfield (now Swarthmore) in the Pennsylvania colony. His talent for painting was developed when as a kid he learned to draw from paints given to him by his Indian friends. At the time there were no art schools or reputable masters with a great collection of paintings for young artists to study, but by the mid-1750s West began to paint portraits in and around Philadelphia (Craven, 2003, p.136). While in  Lancaster, Pennsylvania in 1756, Wests patron, William Henry, a gunsmith, encouraged him to design a "Death of Socrates" based on an engraving in  Charles Rollins  Ancient History. The painting has been called "the most ambitious and interesting painting produced in colonial America" (Staley, 1989, p. 28). Dr. William Smith, the  provost  of the  College of Philadelphia, after seeing the painting in Henrys house, offered West education and introduced him to wealthy Pennsylvanians and politicians. During t his time West met  the famous painter, John Wollaston, an immigrant from  London who taught him techniques for painting the shimmer of silk and satin (Hughes, 1999, p. 68). In 1759 West went to Rome, where he spent three years studying the Renaissance and Baroque masters and ancient masterpieces. There he took time to sketch art works like Roman reliefs, more particularly those the Royal Academy with Sir Joshua Reynolds, its first president. Between 1772 and 1801, he was historical painter to King George III. West became one of the first American artists to win a wide reputation in Europe for Agripinna. In the picture, the group forming the center is based on an